Notes
« How Britain Voted in 2010 », Ipsos MORI, http://www.ipsos-Mori.com/researchpublications/researcharchive/poll.aspx?oItemId=2613&view=wide, consulté le 08/10/2011.
Lady Warsi (ministre sans portefeuille, également présidente du Parti conservateur), Cheryl Gillan (secrétaire d’Etat au pays de Galles) et Caroline Spelman (secrétaire d’Etat à l’Environnement, à l’Alimentation et aux Affaires rurales) font également partie du Cabinet. http://www.parliament.uk/mps-lords-and-offices/government-and-opposition1/her-majestys-government, consulté le 05/07/2011.
« Make Britain the most family-friendly country in Europe », Conservative Manifesto, 2010, pp. 41-43.
The Coalition Agreement, 20/05/2010, pp. 18, 23.
« New legislation and increased regulation has produced diminishing returns, and in recent years progress on equality has stalled and in some areas begun to reverse », TheEquality Strategy – Building a Fairer Britain 2010, December 2010, p. 5. « This strategy sets out a new approach to equalities, moving away from the identity politics of the past and to an approach recognisingpeople’s individuality.And it sets out a new role for government, moving beyond simply introducing more legislation, to promoting equality through transparency and behaviour change. Government will act as a catalyst and advocate for change, working with businesses, the voluntary sector and wider civil society to create equal opportunities »,p. 6, http://www.equalities.gov.uk/pdf/Equality%20Strategy%20tagged%20version.pdf, consulté le 07/06/2011.
http://www.equalities.gov.uk/pdf/110610%20UK%20SEVENTH%20CEDAW%20REPORT.pdf, consulté le 06/07/2011.
http://www.dwp.gov.uk/publications/impact-assessments/equality-impact-assessments, consulté le 06/07/2011. Le gouvernement a ainsi publié une évaluation pour le crédit universel, le plafonnement des allocations ou la réforme des retraites.
Voir notamment Phillips, A., 1995.
Sondage publié le 2 juillet 2010, http://www.mori-eire.com/researchpublications/researcharchive/2633/Budget-Reaction-Poll.aspx, consulté le 10/10/2011.
Sondage publié le 17 mars 2011, http://www.ipsos-mori.com/researchpublications/researcharchive/2740/EconomistIpsos-MORI-Budget-Poll.aspx consulté le 10/10/2011.
http://www.ipsos-mori.com/Assets/Docs/Polls/apr2011polmontabs.pdf, consulté le 10/10/2011.
http://www.ipsos-mori.com/Assets/Docs/Polls/sept11valuestabs.pdf, consulté le 10/10/2011.
Les objectifs des différents groupes varient en fonction de l’histoire et de l’évolution de la pensée féministe. Les féministes radicales s’intéressent par exemple à la violence masculine, à la pornographie et à la sexualité, tandis que les féministes socialistes travaillent sur l’égalité dans le monde professionnel, dans la vie publique ou dans l’éducation, Lent A., 2001, p. 148.
« Under equality laws, we believe the government should have assessed whether its budget proposals would increase or reduce inequality between women and men. Despite repeated requests, the Treasury have not provided any evidence that any such an assessment took place », http://www.fawcettsociety.org.uk/index.asp?PageID=1204, consulté le 06/07/2011.
« a triple jeopardy of slashed benefits, job cuts, and a reduction in the core public services they rely on for themselves and those they care for », http://www.fawcettsociety.org.uk/index.asp?PageID=1208, consulté le 06/07/2011.
« an attack on women », http://www.thewnc.org.uk/component/search/budget.html?ordering=&searchphrase=all, consulté le 19/09/2011.
« The new Con/Dem coalition with their old policies and ideas wasted no time in leading the political attack on women », http://www.sisters.org.uk/images/annualreport.pdf, consulté le 06/07/2011.
http://www.rapecrisis.org.uk/news_show.php?id=51, consulté le 07/07/2011.
http://www.endviolenceagainstwomen.org.uk/pages/news.html, consulté le 07/07/2011.
Fiche d’information de juin 2011, http://www.wrc.org.uk/includes/documents/cm_docs/2011/f/factsheet_women_and_the_cuts.pdf, consulté le 14/10/2011.
« give voice to women’s opposition to the cuts as being discriminatory, unfair and unnecessary », http://womenagainstthecuts.org/who-we-are, consulté le 06/07/2011.
« The challenge is to counter the government’s lies that their actions to reduce the deficit are fair. They are not fair and women will count the cost », Founding Declaration, 27/11/2010, http://www.coalitionofresistance.org.uk/2011/05/coalition-of-resistance-founding-conference-declaration, consulté le 06/07/2011.
« what emerges from the whole is a cumulative failure to address the inequalities that exist between women and men and to mitigate against austerity measures that threaten to further widen inequality […] This budget is a disappointing one for women », http://www.wbg.org.uk/index_7_282363355.pdf, consulté le 11/07/2011.
Caroline Watson, co-founder of Progressive Women, 24/01/2011.
http://www.progressivewomen.org.uk/what-will-the-comprehensive-spending-review-mean-for-women, consulté le 14 octobre 2011.
« its 'devastating' impact on the welfare state and poor people », « Women lie in road in bid to block Downing Street exit in protest at 'devastating' Budget », 23/03/2011, The Daily Mail, http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1369165/Budget-2011-Women-lie-road-protest-bid-block-Downing-Street-exit.html, consulté le 07/07/2011.
http://www.respect.uk.net/data/files/respect_csr_briefing_25_11_10_2.pdf, consulté le 07/07/2011.
Gentleman, A., « Women's refuge chief returns OBE in protest over cuts », The Guardian, 15/02/2011, http://www.guardian.co.uk/society/2011/feb/15/women-refuge-chief-protest-cuts, consulté le 07/07/2011.
http://www.sisters.org.uk/3news.html, consulté le 06/07/2011.
http://www.ageuk.org.uk/Global/Campaigns/Not%20enough%20time%20-%20what%20women%20think%20about%20increases%20in%20state%20pension%20age%20June%202011.pdf, consulté le 07/07/2011.
« a recipe for unfairness in retirement », « This will affect around 5.1m people, but the vast majority of losers will be women », http://www.npcuk.org/publications.html, consulté le 19/09/2011.
http://www.thewi.org.uk/standard.aspx?id=23519, consulté le 09/07/2011.
« Shelter believes that these reforms will significantly restrict access to justice for those who are already disadvantaged by poverty and social exclusion » http://england.shelter.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0009/323658/Shelter_briefing_-_Legal_Aid_Reforms_JANUARY_2011_UPDATE.pdf, consulté le 30/09/2011.
http://www.justice-for-all.org.uk/Government-proposals/Legal-Aid-reform, consulté le 11/07/2011.
http://www.lawsociety.org.uk/currentissues/sound-off-for-justice.page, consulté le 11/07/2011.
« the budget seems more supportive of an out-dated ‘male breadwinner, dependent female carer’ model of relations between women and men, than an egalitarian ‘dual earner, dual carer’ model », http://www.wbg.org.uk/documents/WBG_Emergency_Budget_Response_June_2010.pdf, consulté le 11/07/2011.
« Many of the individual measures represent a return to the view of a woman not as an individual but as a chattel of the “ideal” family », http://www.thewnc.org.uk/component/search/budget.html?ordering=&searchphrase=all, consulté le 19/09/2011.
« This is a victory for common sense as well as for women's rights as it would have put back efforts to bring rapists to justice and sent a signal that women are not to be believed », http://www.endviolenceagainstwomen.org.uk/pages/news.html, consulté le 07/07/2011.
http://www.ukfeminista.org.uk/index.php?option=com_acymailing>ask=archive&task=view&mailid=10&key=5e08774ba1ddacb5cb755d23e85720e3, consulté le 07/07/2011.
http://londonfeministnetwork.org.uk/what-weve-done/what-we-did-in-2010, consulté le 07/07/2010.
« Rape law controversy: Ken Clarke's difficult day with the press », BBC Radio 5, http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-13445931, consulté le 19/09/2011.
« Calm down dear », Cameron, D., 27/04/2011. « Nadine Norries isextremely frustrated », Cameron, D., 07/09/2011.
http://www.rapecrisis.org.uk/news_show.php?id=51, consulté le 07/07/2011.
http://www.fawcettsociety.org.uk/index.asp?PageID=1209, consulté le 06/07/2011. Valerie Duncan, NAW Secretary, 13/06/2011. http://www.medicalwomensfederation.org.uk/new/Paternity.html, consulté le 07/07/2011.
« This letter is to remind colleagues of the legal requirement to additionally consider how women, disabled people and ethnic minorities are affected [...] I fully share the objective of spending cuts […] there are real risks that women, ethnic minorities, disabled people and older people will be disproportionately affected. Women, for instance, make up a higher number of public workers, and all four groups use public services more [...] The majority of those in receipt of tax credits and welfare payments are also from these groups », « Budget cuts could break equality laws, Theresa May warned Chancellor », The Guardian, 03/08/2010, http://www.guardian.co.uk/politics/2010/aug/03/budget-cuts-equality-theresa-may, consulté le 06/07/2011.
Voir notammentLovenduski,J.,2005. Le Royaume Uni se classe en 48ème position mondiale pour son nombre de femmes à la chambre basse, à égalité avec la République Tchèque, l’Ouzbékistan et l’Erythrée. Classement effectué par Inter-Parliamentary Union en juin 2011, http://www.ipu.org/wmn-e/classif.htm, consulté le 19/07/2011.
5% en 1983, 9% en 1992, 16% en 2001, 20% en 2005. Spensky, M., 2001, pp. 13-36.
Voir par exemple Phillips, A., 1995 et Childs, S., 2008.
Voir notamment Lovenduski, J., 2005.
« not all Oral Questions are critical of the Executive. Some, in fact, are regularly tabled by Government backbenchers to make friendly points that will enable Ministers to show themselves and their departments in a favorable light », Searing, D., 1994, p. 71.
Childs, S., 2004, p. 180.
« a giant joust », Blair, T., 2010, p. 111.
« to be quite strong and aggressive », Cameron, D., 2008, p. 253.
http://www.parliament.uk/site-information/glossary/maiden-speech, consulté le 23/09/2011.
Tous les discours peuvent être consultés à partir du lien suivant : http://www.parliament.uk/documents/commons/lib/research/briefings/snpc-04588.pdf
Toutes les motions peuvent être consultées à partir du lien suivant : http://www.parliament.uk/business/publications/business-papers/commons/early-day-motions
Childs,S.,2004, p. 134.
« The parliamentary equivalent of graffiti », Major,J.,1999, p. 349.
Voir Norton, P., 1981, p. 116.
http://www.newstatesman.com/blogs/the-staggers/2011/02/coalition-mps-rebellions-votes, consulté le 14/10/2011.
http://www.revolts.co.uk, consulté le 14/10/2011.
http://ottspolitics.org/2011/04/16/pity-poor-patrick, consulté le 14/10/2011.
Les retranscriptions de toutes les séances de questions au Premier ministre peuvent être consultées à partir du lien suivant : http://www.parliament.uk/business/news/parliament-government-and-politics/parliament/prime-ministers-questions
Kate Green, 30/06/2010, Joan Walley, 08/09/2010, Joan Ruddock, 13/10/2010 et 15/12/2010.
Jessica Morgen, 09/03/2011, Rachel Reeves, 18/05/2011, Mary Glindon, 22/06/2011.
Jenny Chapman, 18/05/2011, Diana Johnson, 29/06/2011.
Sharon Hodgson, 27/10/2010.
Pamela Nash, 29/06/2011.
Julie Hilling, 15/09/2010, Sandra Osborne, 20/10/2010.
« […] because of the injustice and discrimination against women », Annette Brooke, 08/06/2011.
Jo Swinson, 08/12/2010.
Politique économique : Andrea Leadsom, 22/06/2010, Lorraine Fullbrook, 30/06/2010. Aide internationale : Esther Mcvey, 01/07/2010. Politique de défense : Claire Perry, 10/06/2010, Sheryll Murray, 21/06/2010.
Louise Bagshawe, 10/06/2010, Mary Macleod, 10/06/2010. Sarah Wollaston, 02/06/2010.
Jenny Chapman, 07/06/2010. Julie Hilling, 16/06/2010. Lilan Greenwood, 03/06/2010.
Bridget Phillipson, 07/06/2010.
Néanmoins, 12 nouvelles députés soulignent avec fierté qu’elles sont les premières femmes à représenter leur circonscription et 8 se réfèrent à des personnalités de leur circonscription ayant milité pour les droits des femmes.
Total de 2260 motions de mai 2010 à septembre 2011.
Plus de la moitié émane de députés Travaillistes (57%), tandis que 23% ont été déposées par des Libérales-Démocrates, 11,5% par la député des Verts et seulement 7,6% par des députés Conservatrices.
Ces motions ont recueilli de 10 à 161 signatures, avec une moyenne de 41 signatures. A titre de comparaison, en moyenne, 6 ou 7 motions par session dépassent les 200 signatures et beaucoup n’en attirent qu’une poignée, http://www.parliament.uk/documents/commons-information-office/p03.pdf, consulté le 27/06/2011.
Membership of the Independent Advisory Group on Sexual Health and HIV, EDM 1918, Fiona Bruce, Parti conservateur, 14/06/2011, 14 signatures.
State Pension Age for Women, EDM 1402, Teresa Pearce, Parti travailliste, 03/02/2011, 161 signatures. Anonymity for Defendants in Rape Cases, EDM 105, Fiona Mactaggart, Parti travailliste, 26/05/2010, 106 signatures. Justice for all Campaign, EDM 1194, Yvonne Fovargue, Parti travailliste, 14/12/2010, 109 signatures. Child Tax Credits, EDM 336, Catherine Mckinnell, Parti travailliste, 28/06/2010, 67 signatures.
Equal Pay, EDM 1571, Burt Lorely, Parti libéral-démocrate, 10/03/2011, 18 signatures.
Black Friday Centenary, EDM 1061, Valerie Vaz, Parti travailliste, 22/11/2010, 32 signatures. 40th Anniversary of the Equal Pay Act, EDM 136, Katy Clark, Parti travailliste, 02/06/2010, 76 signatures. Women’s Land Army and Timber Corps, EDM 988, Valerie Vaz, Parti travailliste, 11/11/2010, 30 signatures.
Work and Funding of the Equality and Human Rights Commission, EDM 923, Caroline Lucas, Parti des Verts, 28/10/2010, 44 signatures.
Representation of Women in Political Life, EDM 1081, Jo Swinson, Parti libéral-démocrate, 23/11/2010, 37 signatures. Royal Succession, EDM 1049, Lorely Burt, Parti libéral-démocrate, 17/11/2010, 15 signatures. Broadcasting and Equal Opportunities, EDM 1346, Valerie Vaz, Parti travailliste, 26/01/2011, 17 signatures. Women Performers, EDM 635, Alison McGovern, Parti travailliste, 26/07/2010, 33 signatures. Gender and Football Association Rules, EDM 2018, Glenda Jackson, Parti travailliste, 30/06/2011, 10 signatures. Women’s Rugby World Cup 2010, EDM 594, Stella Creasy, Parti travailliste, 22/07/2010, 18 signatures.
Ovarian Cancer Survival Rates, EDM 1559, Linda Riordan, Parti travailliste, 09/03/2011, 26 signatures. Battle to Raise Awareness Campaign, EDM 1021, Annette Brooke, Parti libéral-démocrate, 16/11/2010, 18 signatures. Female Genital Mutilation, EDM 1219, Valerie Vaz, Parti travailliste, 20/12/2010, 44 signatures. Informed Consent For Abortion, EDM 834, Therese Coffey, Parti conservateur, 14/10/2010, 27 signatures.
Victims of Domestic Abuse and the Electoral Register, EDM 470, Katy Clark, Parti travailliste, 12/07/2010, 41 signatures.
Entrepreneurial Potential and Women’s Entreprise Day, EDM 1007, Lorely Burt, Parti libéral-démocrate,15/11/2010, 23 signatures.
Analyse effectuée à partir des données fournies par The Public Whip, Francis Irving, Julian Todd, Raraunga Ltd, http://www.publicwhip.org.uk/mps.php?sort=rebellions, consulté le 14/10/2011.
Il s’agit d’Ann Main, Fiona Bruce, Nadine Dorries, Andrea Leadsom, Therese Coffey, Nicki Morgan, Nicola Blackwood, Helen Grant, Maria Miller et Jessica Lee.
Voir par exemple Childs, S., 2008.
« Cameron sorry over remarks to female MPs », BBC News, 02/10/2011, http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-15141156, consulté le 03/10/2011.
Prime Minister Question Time, 14/09/2011, http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm201011/cmhansrd/cm110914/debtext/110914-0001.htm#11091475000031, consulté le 19/09/2011.
« It is very tough out there for a lot of people at the moment. I know and obviously we are hearing figures on the economy that show things are choppy and difficult for people. I recognize that », Curtis, P., Stratton, A.,«Publish gender pay gap and promotion rates, says Theresa May», The Guardian, 14/09/2011, http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2011/sep/14/gender-pay-gap-promotion-rates-may, consulté le 06/07/2011.
« We are clear that there are a range of policies we have pursued as a government which are seen as having hit women, or their interests, disproportionately », Ibid.
Labour market statistics: September 2011, Office for National Statistics, septembre 2011, http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/dcp171778_232238.pdf, consulté le 19/09/2011.
Ipsos MORI, The Guardian, 13/09/2011, op. cit.
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