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Audit of Political Engagement 12 – The 2015 Report, London: Hansard Society, 65 p. (www.auditofpoliticalengagement.org/)
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YouGov/Cambridge Survey on immigration (sample size: 4182 GB adults / fieldwork: 13 April-20 May 2011) – YouGov-Cambridge Survey on immigration 2011
YouGov/Chatham House Survey (sample size: 2079 GB adults / fieldwork: 13-15 June 2012) – Chatham House Results 120618.pdf
YouGov/Prospect Survey (sample size: 1717 GB adults / fieldwork: 1-2 September 2013) – YG-Archive-Prospect-results-020913-immigration.pdf
YouGov/Sun on Sunday Survey (sample size: 2314 GB adults / fieldwork: 19-21 November 2014) – YG-Archive-Pol-Sunday-Times-results-130913.pdf
YouGov/Sunday Times Survey (sample size: 1903 GB adults / fieldwork: 12-13 September 2013) – YG-Archive-Pol-Sunday-Times-results-130913.pdf
YouGov/Sunday Times Survey (sample size: 1669 GB adults / fieldwork: 12-13 March 2015) – YG-Archives-Pol-Sunday-Times-results-130315.pdf
YouGov Survey (sample size: 2141 GB adults / fieldwork: 22-23 September 2014) – A_DEFSEC_1.pdf
YouGov survey about the trickle-down theory in economics (sample size: 1570 GB adults / fieldwork: 19-20 January 2015) – InternalResults_150120_trickle_down_economics_Website.pdf
YouGov Survey on EU referendum and immigration (sample size: 2052 GB Adults / fieldwork: 27th-28th October 2014) – RedBoxResults_141028_EU_referendum_immigration-Website.pdf
YouGov survey on income tax (sample size: 1804 GB adults / fieldwork: 28-29 April 2014) – YG-Archive-140429-Income-Tax.pdf
YouGov survey on what makes a good employer (sample size: 2133 UK adults / fieldwork: 9-11 November 2011) – YG-Archive-WolterKluwer-BrandnameResults-130212.pdf
YouGov/The Times Survey on immigration (sample size: 1581 GB adults / fieldwork: 24-25 February 2015) – YG-Archive-Pol-Times-results-2502015-W.pdf
YouGov/Times RedBox Survey (sample size: 1648 GB adults / fieldwork: 14-15 December 2014) – RedBoxResults_141215_left_or_right_wing.pdf
YouGov/Times Survey (sample size: 1909 GB adults / feldwork: 20-21 November 2013) – YG-Archive-Prospect-results-020913-immigration.pdf
Newspaper articles
“Ajockalypse now”, The Economist, 9 May 2015.
Barnes, E., “Interview: Journalist Blair Jenkins on why he backs the Yes Campaign” – Scotland on Sunday, 21 October 2012; “SNP ‘not offering’ full Scottish independence”, The Scotsman, 29 May 2013.
Booth, R., “Apathy central: the place with the lowest voter turnout in Britain”, The Guardian, 16 April 2015.
Brooks, L., “SNP will be a ‘progressive ally’ to rest of the UK, says party leader”, The Guardian, 27 March 2015.
Canavan, D., “Only way to escape austerity that punishes the poor”, The Scotsman, 4 May 2013.
Crawford, E., “Why the SNP is a party to be reckoned with”, The Guardian, 4 February 2015.
Curtice, J., “Finance key in independence debate”, The Scotsman, 21 January 2014.
Edwards, R., “Bitter row between Joan McAlpine, Fergus Ewing over shale gas sparks complaint to Sturgeon”, The Sunday Herald, 25 January 2015.
“Employment in Scotland rises by 3,000”, The Scotsman, 17 April 2015.
Farquharson, K., “To be a Nat, or not to be a Nat”, The Scotsman, 5 March 2015.
Ford, R., “Where the votes switched – and why: the key lessons for the parties”, The Observer, 10 May 2015.
Freedland, J., “Ukip looks hilarious. But soon we won’t be laughing”, The Guardian, 16 May 2015.
Gall, G., “Debate must focus on individuals”, The Scotsman, 15 October 2013.
Gani, A., “Muslim population in England and Wales nearly doubles in 10 years”, The Guardian, 11 February 2015.
Hassan, G., “Our differences and commonalities”, The Scotsman, 7 September 2013
“In praise of Alex Salmond”, The Economist, 26 March 2015
Jamieson, B., “Beware independence blank cheque” – The Scotsman, 29 August 2013 ; “Wealthiest Scots behind SNP surge”, The Scotsman, 4 February 2015 ; “What does Scotland really think?”, The Scotsman, 12 March 2015.
Jenkins, B., “Scotland’s chance for equal society”, Scotland on Sunday, 31 March 2013; “Scots prepared for independence”, The Scotsman, 11 July 2013.
Jones, O., “Low pay and high rent: is work really the route out of poverty in Tory Britain?”, The Guardian, 7 May 2015.
Kane, P., “A ‘Yes’ vote is not just for independence, it can let us find our own direction”, Scotland on Sunday, 8 July 2012.
Macnab, S., “Scots could see second referendum, says ex-SNP leader”, The Scotsman, 5 March 2013; “Immigration: Scots ‘no more tolerant than English’”, The Scotsman, 10 March 2015; “SNP backs calls for oil jobs to move to Scotland”, The Scotsman, 10 March 2015; “Independence back up the agenda?”, The Scotsman, 6 May 2015.
Maddox, D., “82% of jobs created in Scotland post-2010 low-paid”, The Scotsman, 25 February 2015; “Ed Miliband unveils offensive linking SNP to Tories”, The Scotsman, 21 March 2015 ; “IFS thinktank : SNP plans would prolong austerity”, The Scotsman, 23 April 2015.
McKenna, K., “The union is once again at risk – thanks to Labour”, The Guardian, 7 March 2015.
McMillan, J., “Why ‘new powers’ won’t be enough”, The Scotsman, 23 January 2015.
O’Hagan, E. M., “A little more nationalism might be just what the Welsh need”, The Guardian, 15 April 2015.
Peterkin, T., “Scots voters support student tuition fees”, The Scotsman, 21 April 2011; “SNP party conference: ‘We’re ruled by a bunch of Snootys,’ says Alex Salmond”, Scotland on Sunday, 21 October 2012; “Sturgeon vows to tackle inequality and poverty”, The Scotsman, 15 November 2014; “John Swinney will cut property tax for middle-class”, The Scotsman, 21 January 2015.
Phipps, C. & Sparrow, A., “Election 2015: who won the TV leaders’ debate?”, The Guardian, 3 April 2015 (http://www.theguardian.com/politics/live/2015/apr/03/election-2015-cameron-miliband-who-won-leaders-debate-live).
Polwart, K., “Why I’ll vote Yes despite the SNP”, The Scotsman, 16 February 2013.
Rawnsley, A., “The real reason David Cameron is sitting on a Commons majority”, The Observer, 31 May 2015.
Robertson, G., “General Election 2015: SNP landslide is NOT a vote for Scottish Independence, insist union bosses”, The Daily Record, 8 May 2015.
“Scotland’s Road to Socialism”, The Scotsman, 29 May 2013.
Sillars, J., “Market forcing the independence issue” , The Scotsman, 26 October 2012; “You can’t be serious, SNP…”, The Scotsman, 13 December 2012.
Stanford, P., “Norwich: capital of the church’s radical campaign for country with a conscience”, The Observer, 22 February 2015.
“Sturgeon to attack Westminster economic policy”, The Scotsman, 11 February 2015.
Sturgeon, N., “No more ‘what ifs’”, Scotland on Sunday, 27 January 2013.
Torrance, D., “The reinvention of the SNP”, The Guardian, 21 May 2015.
Toynbee, P., “No wonder the SNP are confident – the Tories behave as if they want Scotland gone”, The Guardian, 30 March 2015.
“UKIP or Green : can you spot the difference ?” – The Economist, 15 April 2015.
Whitaker, A., “No child poverty in independent Scotland – Sturgeon”, The Scotsman, 8 March 2013; “Harvie ‘radical vision’ claim”, The Scotsman, 5 October 2013; “SNP signs no-strike deal with Scots prison staff”, The Scotsman, 22 February 2015 ; “John Swinney launches SNP business manifesto”, The Scotsman, 16 April 2015
White, M., “Ukip’s Dad’s Army marches on a ration of nostalgia and grievance”, The Guardian, 28 February 2015.
Williamson, D., “Welsh Ukip candidate will make bid for the support of Scotland’s blue-collar workers”, WalesOnline, 21 February 2015.
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Notes
See Understanding Scotland: the Sociology of a Stateless Nation London: Routledge, 1992, pp. 125, 138 & 142, quoted by D. Miller, “Who Rules Scotland? Neoliberalism, the Scottish Ruling Class and its Intellectuals”, in Davidson, N. et altri, (eds.), 2010, pp. 98-99
See Ferguson, I., “An Attitude Problem? Confidence and Well-being in Scotland”, in Davidson et altri, (eds.), 2010, pp. 295 & 300.
Hassan, G., “Our differences and commonalities”, The Scotsman, 7 September 2013.
Polwart, K., “Why I’ll vote Yes despite the SNP”, The Scotsman, 16 February 2013.
Dorling, D., 2011, p. 179.
See e.g. McKenna, K., “The union is once again at risk – thanks to Labour”,The Guardian, 7 March 2015.
Lee, C. H., 1995, p. 117.
Danson, M., Lloyd, M. G. & Newlands, D., “Scotland”, in R. Martin & P. Townroe (eds.), 1992, pp. 108-109 & 112-115; Brown, A. et altri, 1996, p. 42.
Callinicos, A., 2001, p. 53.
Dorling, 2011, p. 327.
It was a loan (introduced in 2001) which graduates were required to pay back. It was abolished in April 2008.
Perryman, M., “A jigsaw state”, in M. Perryman, (ed.), 2009, p. 23.
Hepburn, E., “Independence and the immigration debate in Scotland”, in Scotland alone? Awaiting the independence referendum, 2014, p. 11.
Crawford, E., “Why the SNP is a party to be reckoned with”, The Guardian, 4 February 2015.
Quoted by Robertson, G., “General Election 2015: SNP landslide is NOT a vote for Scottish Independence, insist union bosses”, The Daily Record, 8 May 2015.
Quoted by Peterkin, T., “SNP party conference: ‘We’re ruled by a bunch of Snootys,’ says Alex Salmond”, Scotland on Sunday, 21 October 2012.
Scotland’s Future – Your Guide to an Independent Scotland, 2013, e.g. pp. 43-44 & 608.
Sturgeon, N., “No more ‘what ifs’”, Scotland on Sunday, 27 January 2013.
See Whitaker, A., “No child poverty in independent Scotland – Sturgeon”,The Scotsman, 8 March 2013.
Quoted by Whitaker, A., “Harvie ‘radical vision’ claim”, The Scotsman, 5 October 2013.
Kane, P., “A ‘Yes’ vote is not just for independence, it can let us find our own direction”, Scotland on Sunday, 8 July 2012.
Yes Scotland was the organisation launched in May 2012 to promote the cause of independence; it comprised the Scottish National Party, the Scottish Green Party and the Scottish Socialist Party. Labour for Independence, Women for Independence and National Collective were other movements advocating independence, but they were all far smaller organisations in terms of membership/volunteers.
Quoted in “Scotland’s Road to Socialism”,The Scotsman, 29 May 2013.
Canavan, D., “Only way to escape austerity that punishes the poor”, The Scotsman, 4 May 2013.
Quoted in “Sturgeon to attack Westminster economic policy”, The Scotsman, 11 February 2015.
See Whitaker, Andrew, “John Swinney launches SNP business manifesto”,The Scotsman, 16 April 2015.
See Peterkin, T., “Sturgeon vows to tackle inequality and poverty”, The Scotsman, 15 November 2014.
Jenkins, B., “Scots prepared for independence”, The Scotsman, 11 July 2013. To Blair Jenkins, there exists a definable set of “Scottish values”, “distinct from values elsewhere in the UK”. He sees the difference as the basic reason why Scotland must leave the UK. (Quoted by Barnes, E., “Interview: Journalist Blair Jenkins on why he backs the Yes Campaign”, Scotland on Sunday, 21 October 2012) To him, an independent Scotland, with its values, voting patterns and the like, can only “provide a more supportive and caring environment for the vulnerable and the disenfranchised”. (Jenkins, B., “Scotland’s chance for equal society”, Scotland on Sunday, 31 March 2013)
McMillan, J., “Why ‘new powers’ won’t be enough”, The Scotsman, 23 January 2015
i.e. the development and operation (in the Firth of Clyde) of the UK’s nuclear warheads.
Quoted by Brooks, L., “SNP will be a ‘progressive ally’ to rest of the UK, says party leader”, The Guardian, 27 March 2015.
Around 2010, the radical left, for example, consisted of about one thousand members. See Davidson, N., “Neoliberal Politics in a Devolved Scotland”, in Davidson et altri, (eds.), 2010, p. 365.
McCafferty, P. & Mooney, G., “Resisting the Neoliberal ’Modernisation’ of Public Services in Contemporary Scotland: The Case of Public Sector Workers”, in Davidson et altri, (eds.), 2010, pp. 176-177.
Scandrett, E., “Environmental Justice in Scotland: Incorporation and Conflict”, in Davidson et altri, (eds.), 2010, p. 200.
Wiltshire, S., “Criminal Justice: A Test of Scottish Distinctiveness”, in Davidson et altri, (eds.), 2010, p. 289.
Davidson, “Neoliberal Politics in a Devolved Scotland”, in Davidson et altri, (eds.), 2010, p. 340.
McCafferty & Mooney, in Davidson et altri, (eds.), 2010, p. 179.
See Monteith, B., “Mad not to use existing powers”, The Scotsman, 1 April 2013.
McCafferty & Mooney, in Davidson et altri (eds.), 2010, pp. 175-176.
See Maddox, D., “Ed Miliband unveils offensive linking SNP to Tories”, The Scotsman, 21 March 2015. The same is more or less true (or even more true) of Labour for the 2010-2015 period.
Macdonell, H., 2009, pp. 173-175.
See Gall, G., “Debate must focus on individuals”, The Scotsman, 15 October 2013. The SNP had fought the 1999 Scottish election on the basis of raising the basic rate of income tax.
Young, D., 1971, pp. X-xi.
See Torrance, D., “The reinvention of the SNP”, The Guardian, 21 May 2015.
Speaking on the BBC News at 10 programme on 20 April 2015.
Quoted by Macnab, S., “SNP backs calls for oil jobs to move to Scotland”, The Scotsman, 10 March 2015.
See Whitaker, A., “SNP signs no-strike deal with Scots prison staff”, The Scotsman, 22 February 2015.
See “Employment in Scotland rises by 3,000”, The Scotsman, 17 April 2015.
See Maddox, D., “82% of jobs created in Scotland post-2010 low-paid”, The Scotsman, 25 February 2015.
See “Labour Market” – Scottish Economy Watch, 2015 (unpaged).
Page 7 of the SNP’s 2013 Scotland’s Economy: the case for independence reads: “A competitive economy and a fairer society: two sides of the same coin” while the first sentence on the page explains: “We believe our economy must be both more competitive and fairer.” See Scotland’s Economy: the case for independence, 2013, p. 7.
Davidson, N., “What was Neoliberalism?”, in Davidson et altri, (eds.), 2010, p. 51.
Quoted in “Sturgeon to attack Westminster economic policy”, The Scotsman, 11 February 2015.
Quoted by Barnes, E., “SNP ‘not offering’ full Scottish independence” – The Scotsman, 29 May 2013.
Edwards, R., “Bitter row between Joan McAlpine, Fergus Ewing over shale gas sparks complaint to Sturgeon”, The Sunday Herald, 25 January 2015.
McCafferty & Mooney, in Davidson et altri, (eds.), 2010, p. 178.
Davidson, “What was Neoliberalism”, in Davidson et altri, (eds.), 2010, p. 53.
Peterkin, T., “John Swinney will cut property tax for middle-class”, The Scotsman, 21 January 2015.
See Maddox, D., “IFS thinktank: SNP plans would prolong austerity”, The Scotsman, 23 April 2015.
Keating, M., 2009, pp. 55 & 69.
Curtice, J., “Brought Together or Driven Apart?”, in W. M. Miller, (ed.), 2005, pp. 162-165.
Curtice, J. & Ormston, R., 2011, pp. 1, 4 & 2. The report was based on surveys conducted between June and October 2010 (sample sizes: 1,495 in Scotland and 2,795 in England).
See Peterkin, T., “Scots voters support student tuition fees”, The Scotsman, 21 April 2011. For comparable results for England, see “British Social Attitudes: The Verdict on Five Years of Coalition Government”, 2015 (unpaged).
Curtice & Ormston, 2011, p. 4.
YouGov/Sunday Times Survey, 2013, p. 7.
YouGov survey on income tax, 2014, pp. 1 & 2.
YouGov survey about the trickle-down theory in economics, 2015, p. 1.
YouGov Survey, 2014, p. 3.
YouGov survey on what makes a good employer, 2011, p. 1.
YouGov/Chatham House Survey, 2012, pp. 8 & 12.
See Stanford, P., “Norwich: capital of the church’s radical campaign for country with a conscience”, The Observer, 22 February 2015.
See Phipps, C. & Sparrow, A., “Election 2015: who won the TV leaders’ debate?, The Guardian, 3 April 2015 (http://www.theguardian.com/politics/live/2015/apr/03/election-2015-cameron-miliband-who-won-leaders-debate-live). The survey was based on 420,000 tweets.
See Jones, O., “Low pay and high rent: is work really the route out of poverty in Tory Britain?”, The Guardian, 7 May 2015.
McCrone, D., 1998, p. 150, and Curtice, J., 1992, p. 18.
Lijphart, A., 2008, pp. 118-119.
Lijphart, A., 1999, p. 290.
Lijphart, 2008, p. 48.
In the summer of 2014, the Electoral Commission said not only that 7.5 million eligible voters were not registered, but also that the poor, the black and the young were least likely to be on the electoral register. The Hansard Society’s audit actually revealed that registration among black and ethnic minority voters had declined from 77 percent to 58 percent while older people and those in the higher social grades ABC1 said they were far more interested in politics than those in C2DE groups. See Booth, R., “Apathy central: the place with the lowest voter turnout in Britain”, The Guardian, 16 April 2015. According to a GfK NOP audit based on a representative quota sample of 1,123 GB adults interviewed between 20 November and 5 December 2014, although C2DEs were more likely than ABC1s to think the system needed a great deal of improvement (34 percent versus 21 percent), in particular because they believed it did not address their interests, 74 percent of those supporting the Conservatives and 75 percent of UKIP voters said they were certain to vote compared to 64 percent of Lib Dem and 52 percent of Labour supporters. See Audit of Political Engagement 12, 2015, pp. 10, 52, 34, 6 & 14
Jones, Owen, 2012, pp. 69-70.
Rawnsley, A., “The real reason David Cameron is sitting on a Commons majority”, The Observer, 31 May 2015.
“In praise of Alex Salmond”, The Economist, 26 March 2015.
YouGov/Times Survey, 2013, p. 1.
YouGov/Sun on Sunday Survey, 2014, pp. 8 & 9.
YouGov/Cambridge Survey on immigration, 2011, pp. 1, 2, 4 & 5.
YouGov/The Times Survey on immigration, 2015, pp. 1, 3 & 2. For more or less comparable results, see YouGov/Prospect Survey, 2013, pp. 1 & 2; YouGov/Times Survey, 2013, p. 4; and Hepburn, in Scotland alone?, 2014, pp. 11-12 (on research carried out by the Oxford Migration Observatory).
Quoted by Macnab, S., “Immigration: Scots ‘no more tolerant than English’”, The Scotsman, 10 March 2015.
Stronger for Scotland (SNP Manifesto 2015), 2015, p. 9.
Manifesto for a Stronger Scotland, 2015, p. 11.
Quoted in Macnab, S., “Immigration: Scots ‘no more tolerant than English’”, The Scotsman, 10 March 2015.
Jamieson, B., “What does Scotland really think?”, The Scotsman, 12 March 2015.
Hepburn, in Scotland alone?, pp. 10 & 11.
Believe in Britain (UKIP Manifesto 2015), 2015, p. 11.
YouGov/Times RedBox Survey, 2014, pp. 2 & 3.
Jordan, W., “UKIP voters now put themselves to the left of Tories”, 2014.
YouGov/Sun on Sunday Survey, 2014, p. 9.
YouGov/Sunday Times Survey, 2015, p. 7. For similar figures and answers, see YouGov Survey, 2014.
“British Social Attitudes”, 2015 (unpaged).
See Freedland, J., “Ukip looks hilarious. But soon we won’t be laughing”, The Guardian, 16 May 2015, and Ford, R. (senior lecturer in politics at the University of Manchester), “Where the votes switched – and why: the key lessons for the parties”, The Observer, 10 May 2015.
One of Wales’ most prominent UKIP campaigners, he is the 61-year-old great-grandson of Scottish Labour Party co-founder Robert Smillie.
See Williamson, D., “Welsh Ukip candidate will make bid for the support of Scotland’s blue-collar workers”, WalesOnline, 21 February 2015.
Officially known as the “under-occupancy charge”, it was introduced in April 2013; it restricts the amount of housing benefit which a housing association or council tenant can claim if he or she has a spare bedroom.
See “UKIP or Green: can you spot the difference?”, The Economist, 15 April 2015.
“British Social Attitudes”, 2015 (unpaged).
White, M., “Ukip’s Dad’s Army marches on a ration of nostalgia and grievance”, The Guardian, 28 February 2015.
YouGov Survey on EU referendum and immigration, 2014, p. 1.
Scotland’s Economy: the case for independence, 2013, p. 42.
Dardanelli, P., 2005, pp. 152-154.
Dodds, A. & Seawright, D., “The politics of identity: Scottish nationalism”, in M. O’Neill, (ed.), 2004, pp. 104-105.
See e.g. Jamieson, B., “Beware independence blank cheque”, The Scotsman, 29 August 2013.
See Macnab, S., “Scots could see second referendum, says ex-SNP leader”, The Scotsman, 5 March 2013.
See Revest, D., 2014, p. 63.
Sillars, J., “Market forcing the independence issue” – The Scotsman, 26 October 2012.
Sillars, J., “You can’t be serious, SNP…”, The Scotsman, 13 December 2012.
See Curtice, J., “Finance key in independence debate”, The Scotsman, 21 January 2014.
Miller, in Davidson et altri, (eds.), 2014, pp. 101-102.
“From the moment that a nation makes the turn to nationalism, the idea of a political nation is supplemented by the concept of the people as a substantial unity, a quasi-metaphysical reality, and a subject characterized by a unique and particular essence.” See Van de Putte, A., “Democracy and nationalism”, in J. Couture, K. Nielsen & M. Seymour, (eds.), 2000, pp. 187-188.
Brown et altri, 1996, p. 36.
Poutignat, P. & Streiff-Fenart, J., 1995, p. 57 (see also 46, 57-58, 77 & 105).
Davidson, “Neoliberal Politics in a Devolved Scotland”, in Davidson et altri, (eds.), 2010, p. 340.
Harvey, M., “The political economy of Scotland”, in Scotland alone?, 2014, p. 7. Or, as Kenny Farquharson has written (see “To be a Nat, or not to be a Nat”, The Scotsman, 5 March 2015): “The SNP in particular has always contained apparently incompatible positions, and it hasn’t seemed to do the party much harm. Generations of Labour activists have been deeply frustrated at the way the SNP could present itself as a party of the left in the urban West of Scotland and as the natural home of social and fiscal conservatism in rural Tayside, Angus and Moray.”
See Jamieson, B., “Wealthiest Scots behind SNP surge”, The Scotsman, 4 February 2015.
Gallagher, T., 2009, p. 186.
On the ground, things are far less straightforward. In early 2015, a YouGov survey showed that 49 percent of Scots favoured replacing Trident with the same system or with a less powerful one. See YouGov/Sunday Times Survey, 2015, p. 8. For more on polling evidence suggesting that Scottish public opinion is more or less evenly split on the issue, see Macnab, S., “Independence back up the agenda?”, The Scotsman, 6 May 2015.
If “Other white” categories are excluded, ethnic minorities in Scotland account for over 200,000, or some 4 percent of the population. But the ethnic diversity that characterises Glasgow and Edinburgh is roughly similar to London’s, while some groups have literally mushroomed (e.g. there was a 479 percent increase over 2001-2011 in the African population). See How has ethnic diversity changed in Scotland?, 2014, pp. 1 & 4. There are however significant differences with the rest of the country, England in particular. For instance, by 2011, the « Non-White » population of England and Wales represented some 8 million people, i.e. 14 percent. See How has ethnic diversity grown 1991-2001-2011?, 2012, p. 1. By 2011 too, 2.71 million Muslims lived in England and Wales (compared with 1.55 million ten years before), with 80 percent of them living in the inner-city areas of Greater London, the West Midlands, the north-west and Yorkshire and the Humber. The figure for Scotland was 77,000. See Gani, A., “Muslim population in England and Wales nearly doubles in 10 years”, The Guardian, 11 February 2015.
Toynbee, P., “No wonder the SNP are confident – the Tories behave as if they want Scotland gone”, The Guardian, 30 March 2015. See also “Ajockalypse now”, The Economist, 9 May 2015.
She works with the Centre for Labour and Social Studies, a think-tank focusing on working rights and inequality.
See O’Hagan, E. M., “A little more nationalism might be just what the Welsh need”, The Guardian, 15 April 2015.
Torrance, 2015 (see footnote 44 above).
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